According to Yuval Noah Harari , a historian and NYT best selling author, 1.Gathering a lot of bio-metric data about your behaviors. 2. You need the computing power, making sense from the data. Never before in history have we been able to accomplish both of these. Thanks to corporations and governments there now exist the bio-techs and info-techs that are able to gather both large data on each of us, and the computing power to make sense out of it. Unfortunately, these corporation and governments are not making those data available to us in a helpful manner but rather its being used to take to manipulate our choices to conform to their desires. If we really understood ourselves, we could re-engineer our brains to do what we want.